Depends upon how long the 12V was being applied. If it was very short, then you might be OK. At first the battery will absorb the 'shock' ... after a while it won't and your GPS can do 1 of 2 things ... 1) battery goes short and gets very hot which might not be a bad thing, 2) the 12V does get applied to the circuits within your GPS and fries them ... the only way to tell is to test it without the battery ... often .. manufacturers use over-voltage protection circuits, so I'm hoping you're OK.